Try a second example. This one is a lot harder. We want the
wavelength this time, not the speed.
Suppose a galaxy (or any other object) is moving away with a speed of
100 km/s. To what wavelength is the H alpha line shifted to?
[assume the rest wavelength of H alpha is 656.25 nm]
Solution:
Doppler's Law:
v = c * (lambda - lambdarest) /
lambdarest
where
v = 100 km/s,
lambdarest = 656.25 nm , and of course,
c=3x105 km/s
So to get the wavelength (lambda), we need to separate it from all
the other parts. First, let's bring c from the right hand side to the
left hand side:
(v/c) =(lambda - lambdarest) /
lambdarest
Now let's bring lambdarest from the denominator on the right
to the left hand side:
(v/c) * lambdarest = (lambda - lambdarest)
We are almost there!. The final step is to bring lambdarest
from the right to the left:
{(v/c) * lambdarest } + lambdarest = lambda
Now we have the expression we need to calculate lambda. So plug in the
values:
{ ((100 km/s / (3x105 km/s)) * 656.25 nm } + 656.25 nm =
lambda
656.46875 nm = lambda, or
The observed wavelength of the galaxy is at a wavelength of
lambda = 656.47 nm.
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Ok, for those of you who want a challenge:
Why should the redshift really be called a redstretch?